Ultimate Guide to
National Holidays in Japan 2024
By An Bui | Updated December 27th, 2023
Trying to figure out when the national holiday in Japan in 2024 so you can plan your time off? The are 16 national holidays in Japan, which include national holidays and "substitute holidays'' (holidays that are observed on a different day if a national holiday falls on a weekend).
Before we get into it - it's also probably worth mentioning that while Christmas Day is not an official national holiday in Japan, it has become a popular recognized holiday in this country and many businesses and schools are closed on that day.
This article is a part of our extensive series on Learning about Japanese Culture through Online Japanese Lessons at Japan Switch.
Why Are There So Many National Holidays in Japan?
Japan has various national holidays for a number of reasons. One is that Japan has a rich cultural and historical heritage. Many national holidays are based on traditional customs and festivals that have been celebrated for centuries. Additionally, they are intended to promote social and cultural values such as respect for the elderly, the importance of nature, and appreciation of the arts.
Moreover, Japan has a strong emphasis on work-life balance. Many holidays are intended to provide people with an opportunity to spend time for themselves and their loved ones. Besides, it reflects the government's efforts to increase domestic tourism and boost the economy by encouraging people to travel and expense more.
Lastly, Japan has a relatively high life expectancy and a large aging population. Therefore, many holidays are occasions to respect elderly citizens and show appreciation for their contributions to society.
And with that, let’s take a look at when the national holidays in Japan fall in 2024!
National Holidays in Japan
|
National Holiday |
Date |
|
|
Oshōgatsu |
New Year’s Day |
January 1st (but the holiday falls on Jan. 2nd) |
|
Seijin no Hi |
Coming of Age Day |
January 8th |
|
Kenkoku Kinen no Hi |
National Foundation Day |
February 11th |
|
Tenchōsetsu |
Emperor’s Birthday |
February 23rd |
|
Shunbun no Hi |
Vernal Equinox Day |
March 20th |
|
Shōwa no Hi |
Showa Day |
April 29th* |
|
Kenpō Kinenbi |
Constitution Memorial Day |
May 3rd* |
|
Midori no Hi |
Greenery Day |
May 4th* |
|
Kodomo no Hi |
Children’s Day |
May 5th* (observed on May 6th) |
|
Umi no Hi |
Marine Day |
July 15th |
|
Yama no Hi |
Mountain Day |
August 11th (observed on August 12th) |
|
Keiro no Hi |
Respect for the Aged Day |
September 16th |
|
Shūbun no Hi |
Autumnal Equinox Day |
September 22nd (observed on September 23rd) |
|
Taiiku no Hi |
Sports Day |
October 14th |
|
Bunka no Hi |
Culture Day |
November 3rd |
|
Kinro Kansha no Hi |
Labor Thanksgiving Day |
November 23rd |
*These 4 national holidays are celebrated consecutively and form Golden Week; learn more in our Ultimate Guide to Golden Week in Japan here!
National Holidays in Winter (December to February)
The New Year Period
New Year's Day (oshōgatsu) is the most important national holiday in Japan. It naturally takes place annually on January 1st (though this year was observed on January 2nd). But that’s really only one part of it. During this national holiday, most Japanese businesses, schools, and government offices close for the whole New Year period, usually from December 30th to January 3rd. The actual length of the holiday period depends on the specific work schedule of individual companies. Many people take additional time off around New Year's Day to extend their time off.
On New Year’s Day, people visit shrines and temples to offer prayers for health and good fortune in the coming year. This practice is known as hatsumode (the first visit to a shrine in the year). This period is also a time for families to gather and celebrate with traditional New Year's foods (御節料理 / osechi ryōri). You’ve seen those mochi-pounding videos on social media, right? That’s New Year.
Japanese people also observe customs such as cleaning their homes (大掃除 / ōsōji) and making New Year's resolutions. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the past year and to look forward to the new one with hope and blessing.
Side note: The New Year period is considered one of the busiest travel times in Japan, and many Japanese people take advantage of the long holiday to travel, or visit family. Some might even take up to a week or two off work.
Coming of Age Day
Coming of Age Day (Seijin no Hi) is an occasion to celebrate and recognize young people who have turned 20 years old in the previous year. On this day, these young people participate in Coming of Age ceremonies in their local communities and are congratulated by family and friends. The ceremonies usually involve speeches by local officials, traditional clothing, and receiving a certificate that marks the achievement of adulthood. Many young people also celebrate with friends and family in the evening.
On this national holiday in Japan, these people gather at local government offices. They are congratulated and receive a certificate of adulthood. Most of them dress in traditional clothing, such as kimonos, or suits and ties, to mark the occasion. Check out the Ultimate Guide to Japanese Yukata vs Kimono to get familiar with Japanese traditional costumes!
Not only held at government offices, many cities and towns also hold public celebrations, such as parades and festivals. These celebrations may include traditional Japanese music and dance performances, as well as food and drink vendors.
It's also common for people to gather with their loved ones to celebrate this milestone. Some may even have a Coming of Age Day party. Likewise, some also take this opportunity to take commemorative photos with their friends, family, and co-workers.
It is considered an important milestone in Japanese culture. It marks the moment when young people officially become adults with more responsibilities and duties in society.
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National Foundation Day
National Foundation Day (Kenkoku Kinen no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place on February 11th. It is a day to commemorate the founding of Japan by the legendary emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. According to traditional Japanese mythology, Jimmu was a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu. His reign marked the beginning of Japan as a unified nation.
During this day, ceremonies and events are held at shrines and temples to honor the emperor and the nation's history. Some people also visit historical sites or museums to learn more about Japan's past. The day is also an opportunity to reflect on the country's identity, culture, and traditions. It is considered a day of national pride, and people often fly the Japanese flag to show their patriotism.
People offer prayers and make wishes for the country's peace and prosperity at religious places. Many shrines and temples hold special ceremonies and rituals. Some of them are the raising of the national flag and the singing of the national anthem.
People also participate in patriotic and cultural events, such as parades, festivals, and performances of traditional Japanese music and dance. Some schools, organizations, and communities also hold events to commemorate the day and to promote national unity and pride. Check out the Ultimate Guide to Japanese Festivals to discover the cultural life of Japanese!
It's worth noting that this holiday is not as widely celebrated as other national holidays in Japan. Therefore, it's not as common to take a day off on this day. However, it is still considered an important day to reflect on the country's history and its role in the world.
Emperor’s Birthday
The Emperor's Birthday (Tenchōsetsu) takes place annually on February 23rd. It is the birthday of the current emperor of Japan. The emperor is the symbol of the unity of the Japanese people and the continuity of the nation. It is not a celebration of the reigning emperor as a person but the symbol of the country and the unity of the people.
On this day, the Imperial Palace in Tokyo holds ceremonies to honor the emperor and to reflect on the imperial lineage. Moreover, the emperor and other imperial family members make public appearances. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the role of the emperor as a symbol of unity and continuity. People also use this day to appreciate the blessings of peace and prosperity under the imperial system.
Many people send congratulations to the emperor and the imperial family. Besides, local governments and organizations hold events to celebrate the occasion. The Imperial Palace opens its gates to welcome the citizens on this day
However, Japanese people do not celebrate the Emperor's Birthday as a national holiday. Therefore, it's not as common to take a day off on this day. Yet, it is still considered an important day to reflect on the country's history and to honor the imperial family.
National Holidays in Spring (March to May)
Vernal Equinox Day
Vernal Equinox Day (Shunbun no Hi) is celebrated annually on around March 20th. It is a day to celebrate the arrival of spring and the beginning of a new season. The vernal equinox marks the moment when the sun is directly above the equator. It results in equal amounts of daylight and darkness for all parts of the Earth.
On this day, many people visit shrines and temples to give thanks for the arrival of spring and to pray for good wishes. They join special ceremonies and rituals, such as the raising of the national flag and the singing of the national anthem. Many people also visit the graves of their ancestors to clean and decorate them. After that, they often offer prayers for the spirits of their loved ones.
It is also a national holiday for families to admire the beauty of nature. Especially, it's a period when the cherry blossoms and other spring flowers begin to bloom. Many people visit parks and gardens to enjoy the scenery. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the balance and harmony of nature and life.
Besides participating in parades and festivals, Japanese people perform traditional music and dance. Likewise, there are events organized s to commemorate the day and to promote national pride and unity. Go through the Guide to Camping in Japan to discover one of the most popular activities during this holiday!
Vernal Equinox Day is not as widely celebrated as other national holidays in Japan. Hence, it's not as common to take a day off on this day. However, it is still considered an important day to reflect on the country's culture and to honor the ancestors.
Shōwa Day
Showa Day (Shōwa no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place annually on April 29th. It was established to commemorate the birthday of Emperor Showa (Hirohito), who ruled Japan from 1926 to 1989. The Showa era was a significant period in Japanese history, including World War II and the post-war economic miracle.
On this day, the Imperial Palace holds ceremonies in Tokyo to honor Emperor Showa and to reflect on the events of his reign. Some people also visit museums or historical sites to learn more about the Showa era. It is also an opportunity for people to reflect on the country's history. And so, they can learn the lessons of the past and how they can be applied to the present and future. Additionally, it is a day to appreciate the peace and prosperity Japan has achieved since World War II ends.
It's also common for people to participate in cultural events, such as parades, festivals, and performances of traditional Japanese music and dance. Some events are held to commemorate this national holiday in Japan and promote unity and pride.
Showa Day is part of the "Golden Week", a string of national holidays that takes place around the end of April to the beginning of May. It's more common to take a day off on this day. Some people take a vacation and travel, while others spend time with family and friends.
Constitution Memorial Day
Constitution Memorial Day (Kenpō Kinenbi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place annually on May 3rd. It commemorates the adoption of Japan's current Constitution, which was established on May 3rd, 1947. The Constitution of Japan is also known as the "Constitution of Japan" or the "Constitution of the Empire of Japan". It is the fundamental law of Japan which defines the framework of the Japanese Government.
On this day, ceremonies are held to remember the adoption of the Constitution. And so, people reflect on its importance as the foundation of Japan's legal and political system. Some people also visit museums or historical sites to learn more about the Constitution and its role in Japan. Additionally, it's a day to reflect on the importance of democracy, human rights, and the role of law. People also appreciate the peace and prosperity Japan has achieved under the constitutional system.
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Greenery Day
Greenery Day (Midori no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan celebrated annually on May 4th. It stems from the celebration of the birthday of Emperor Shōwa. Greenery Day was established to celebrate the beauty and importance of nature. It also encourages people to appreciate and care for the environment. The holiday is intended to promote harmony with nature and to raise awareness about environmental issues.
On this day, many people visit natural areas to enjoy the beauty of the spring foliage. Some people also participate in activities such as planting trees, cleaning up parks, or visiting botanical gardens. Additionally, they go for a hike, bike ride, or just spend time in nature. The day is also a time to reflect on the importance of environmental conservation. Also, it helps people to consider ways to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Besides, many people make wishes for good health and happiness at shrines and temples. Some people also take this day to plant trees, flowers, and other plants. They also participate in other activities that promote environmental conservation and sustainability. Check out the Guide to Shrines and Temples in Tokyo to have a decent at religious places in Japan!
Children’s Day
Children's Day (Kodomo no Hi) takes place annually on May 5th. It celebrates the happiness and well-being of children. Adults use it to express appreciation for children's potential as the future of the nation. It is also a day to celebrate the unique personalities and talents of each child.
On this day, families with boys fly carp-shaped flags called "Koinobori'' from their homes. The carp is considered a symbol of strength and perseverance in Japan. Families also display traditional dolls like samurai warrior dolls and royal members dolls in their homes. Many schools and community centers host events and activities for children. Some of the are games, sports, and arts & crafts.
Additionally, it is a time for adults generally to reflect on their role in the children's lives in growing them happily and healthily. People also visit shrines and temples to offer prayers for best wishes for their children.
Children's Day is a time for parents and families to express their love for their children, and to spend quality time with them. Many families take the opportunity to visit plenty of fun places. Some families also hold special meals or parties to celebrate their children.
National Holidays in Summer (June to August)
Marine Day
Marine Day (Umi no Hi) also known as “sea day” or “ocean day” is a national holiday in Japan that takes place on the third Monday of July. It was established to give people an opportunity to appreciate the ocean and sea and to reflect on their importance to Japan's economy and culture. On this day, many people visit the coast and participate in activities such as swimming, boating, and beach sports. The holiday serves as an occasion to express gratitude for the blessings of the sea. People also use this day to pray for the safety of those who work at sea.
There is one thing worth mentioning - Marine Day is a time for people to appreciate the ocean and its resources. People reflect on the importance of marine conservation and sustainability on this day. Some people also appreciate the ocean and its beauty and enjoy ocean activities on this day.
Mountain Day
Mountain Day (Yama no Hi) is held annually on August 11th. It was established in 2016, to celebrate and appreciate the natural beauty and cultural significance of the country's mountains. Japan is known for its beautiful mountainous landscapes. Besides, many of its traditional customs, festivals, and practices are closely tied to the mountains, such as hiking or climbing.
Japanese go on hikes, climbs, or simply visit mountain areas to appreciate the natural beauty. They want to be aware of the roles of mountains in Japan. Additionally, it's a day to reflect on the importance of mountains as providing an ecosystem. Therefore, the conservation and sustainable use of mountain resources are important. Check out the Ultimate Guide to Hiking in Tokyo to have a safe hiking trip!
Mountain Day is a time for people to appreciate the beauty and importance of Japan's mountains, and to reflect on the importance of mountain conservation and sustainability. Some people also use this day to enjoy the scenery and nature of the mountain areas and to participate in outdoor activities and sports.
Respect for the Aged Day
Respect for the Aged Day (Keiro no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place annually on the third Monday of September. It is a day to honor and show appreciation for the elderly citizens of Japan. Those people have made significant contributions to society throughout their lives. The day is a reminder of the importance of intergenerational harmony, the value of wisdom, and the experience of older people.
On this day, many events and activities are held to honor the elderly, such as ceremonies, parades, and community gatherings. Families also visit their elderly relatives and offer special gifts and treats. Additionally, it's a day to reflect on the importance of supporting and caring for older people and improving the well-being of older citizens.
On top of that, many communities also hold traditional Japanese music and dance performances to honor the elderly. It is also common for schools, organizations, and communities to hold events commemorating the day.
Respect for the Aged Day is a time for people to show appreciation and respect for the elderly and to recognize their contributions to society. It's a day for people to honor their elderly relatives and friends and to thank them for their guidance and support.
National Holidays in Fall (September to November)
Autumnal Equinox Day
Autumnal Equinox Day (Shūbun no Hi) takes place annually around September 23rd. However, the date of the holiday is not officially declared until February of the previous year. In 2024, it will be observed on September 22nd. It is a day to celebrate the arrival of autumn and the end of the harvest season. The autumnal equinox marks the moment when the sun is directly above the equator. In fact, this a result of equal amounts of daylight and darkness for all parts of the Earth.
On this day, many people visit shrines and temples to give thanks for the harvest and to pray for a good one in the coming year. It is also a day for families to gather and appreciate the beauty of the trees changing color. Many people also visit parks and gardens to enjoy the scenery. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the balance and harmony of nature and life. Plus, it also appreciates the abundance of the harvest season.
Taking a day off on Autumnal Equinox Day is not as common in Japan as some other national holidays. Nevertheless, Japanese people still take advantage of this day to reflect on the country’s history and honor their ancestors.
Sports Day
Sports Day (Taiiku no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place annually on the second Monday of October. It was established to promote the importance of sports and physical fitness for all citizens. It also helps to encourage the development of a healthy and active lifestyle.
On this national holiday in Japan, many schools and organizations hold sports festivals and competitions. For example, some of the are relay races, tug-of-war, and other traditional games. Many people also participate in mass exercise events or sports activities at local parks and stadiums. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the importance of sports and physical activity for physical and mental health. It can also consider ways to promote sports participation and improve physical fitness and well-being.
Many schools and organizations also hold their own sports festivals and competitions, such as track and field events. This helps to encourage participation in sports and physical activities while making them fun for children.
Culture Day
Culture Day (Bunka no Hi) is celebrated annually on November 3rd. It is a day to celebrate and promote the country's rich cultural heritage and to encourage the development and appreciation of the arts.
On this occasion, many cultural organizations host special exhibitions and performances. Japanese people often visit these places to learn about and appreciate Japan's cultural traditions. It is also a day to reflect on the importance of preserving and promoting cultural heritage and to consider ways to support and encourage the arts.
It's worth noting that Culture Day is a time for people to appreciate and celebrate the country's culture and heritage, and to recognize the contributions of artists, and scholars. It's a day for people to learn more about the country's history and culture, and to enjoy its artistic and intellectual achievements. Check out the Guide to Japanese Culture to find out more interesting information!
Labor Thanksgiving Day
Labor Thanksgiving Day (Kinro Kansha no Hi) is a national holiday in Japan that takes place annually on November 23rd. It is a day to give thanks for the hard work and contributions of all citizens. People would appreciate the importance of labor along with productivity in society. The holiday was established to give recognition to the hard work and achievement of the labor force. Additionally, people can express gratitude for the bountiful harvest and for the blessings of peace.
A lot of companies and organizations use this day to express appreciation for the contributions of their employees. Many people thank their colleagues and coworkers for their hard work and support. Additionally, it is a day to reflect on the importance of hard work and productivity. Also, it helps consider ways to improve working conditions and support the well-being of workers.
Labor Thanksgiving Day is a time for people to give thanks for the blessings of the harvest. Besides, society will recognize the contributions of workers to society. It's a day for people to appreciate the work of farmers and other workers, and to reflect on the importance of hard work and labor.
What Are the Most Popular Japanese Public Holidays?
Among the numerous national holidays celebrated in Japan, there are some special days that the Japanese look forward to more than others such as:
- Obon: A Buddhist holiday that takes place in mid-August. It's a time for families to honor their ancestors and remember their loved ones who have passed away. This is also a popular time for people to take a vacation and travel.
- Christmas Day: While it's not an official national holiday, it's become a recognized holiday in Japan. Many businesses and schools are closed on that day. It's a time for people to exchange gifts and celebrate with friends and family.
- New Year's Eve: people use this occasion to reflect on the past year, make New Year's resolutions, and celebrate.
BONUS: Notes on Year’s End in Japan
New Year's Eve, or "Oshogatsu" in Japanese, is one of the most important national holidays in Japan. It is traditionally celebrated with family and friends. This is a time for reflection on the past year and for making resolutions for the new one.
Another traditional way of celebrating New Year's Eve is by eating "Osechi Ryori" a special type of food that is prepared and served during the New Year period. It is typically a selection of small dishes, such as fish cakes, sweetened black beans, and candied fruits. They are arranged in decorative boxes and are intended to last for the first few days of the New Year.
On New Year's Eve, many families gather together for a special dinner. After that, at the stroke of midnight, people watch the first sunrise of the year and listen to the temple bells. The practice of "joya no kane" consists in listening to the temple bell chime 108 times. Specifically, one for each of the 108 human sins in Buddhist belief, at the stroke of midnight.
It's also common for people to stay up late and watch the New Year's Eve special TV programs. As well as send New Year's cards and make phone calls to wish friends and family a happy new year.
If you are looking for an outgoing New Year's celebration, check out:
Shin-nen kai
Shin-nen Kai is a Japanese New Year's custom of visiting friends and relatives to exchange greetings and well wishes for the new year. The custom of Shin-nen Kai is similar to the Western custom of making New Year's visits. The term "Shin-nen Kai" means "New Year's Meeting". It is an opportunity for people to reconnect with friends and family to strengthen their relationships.
During Shin-nen Kai, people typically visit the homes of their relatives and close friends to exchange New Year's greetings. Moreover, they give gifts such as traditional New Year's foods like mochi (sweet glutinous rice cakes) and kagami mochi (a round mochi placed on a stand, usually decorated with a daidai (bitter orange) or other auspicious symbols). It is also a time to reflect on the past year and look forward to the new one. On top of that, they would appreciate the blessings of peace and prosperity.
Bonen-kai
Bonen-kai (忘年会) is a Japanese term that means "forget-the-year party". It is a traditional Japanese custom of holding a party or gathering with colleagues, friends, or family typically in December. People would forget the troubles and difficulties of the past year and look forward to the coming year.
On this day, people usually gather in a restaurant or a bar and enjoy a meal and drinks together. They also make toasts, exchange gifts and hold games or other activities to celebrate the end of the year. The purpose of the Bonen-kai is to forget the troubles and difficulties of the past year. It also used to look forward to the new year with a fresh start. People can relax, socialize, and strengthen their relationships during this day.
What is Obon?
Obon, or Urabon in Japan, is a traditional Buddhist holiday celebrated in Japan during the months of July or August. It is a time when people honor and remember their ancestors by visiting their graves, cleaning, and decorating them. After that, they offer prayers and food. The exact dates of Obon depend on the region and the specific school of Buddhism followed, but it typically lasts for 3 days.
In 2023, Obon is scheduled to be celebrated from August 13th to August 15th. Some regions of Japan follow the lunar calendar and the date of Obon is determined by the full moon day of the 7th month. Therefore, the date can be different.
People also participate in traditional dances and festivals, or "Bon Odori," which are held at local temples and community centers. These dances honor the spirits of the ancestors who have returned to visit their living relatives during Obon. The festival is also marked by the illumination of lanterns and the release of floating paper lanterns on rivers and in the sea. They are believed to guide the spirits of the ancestors back to the afterlife.
Obon is considered an important time for families to come together. Many people return to their hometowns to participate in the celebrations and visit their ancestral graves. It is also a time of gratitude, reflection, and reunion. Moreover, people take this day to remember and honor the memory of loved ones who have passed away.
Visit the Ultimate Guide to Obon in Japan for more information!
Are There Any Unofficial Holidays in Japan?
Yes! There are several unofficial holidays in Japan that are not officially recognized by the government. However, they are widely celebrated and recognized by the public. Some examples include:
- Valentine's Day: celebrated on February 14th, it is a day for women to give gifts to the men in their lives (both romantic and platonic). Go through the Ultimate Guide to Valentine's Day in Japan to have a memorable celebration!
- Golden Week: a string of national holidays that takes place around the end of April to the beginning of May. It includes several national holidays such as Showa Day, Constitution Memorial Day, and Greenery Day.
- Star Festival: also known as Tanabata celebrated on July 7th. It is a day when people write wishes on small pieces of paper and hang them on bamboo branches.
- Halloween: becoming more and more popular in Japan. It's not an official holiday but is celebrated with costumes, parties, and trick-or-treating, especially in urban areas. Take a look at the Guide to Halloween in Japan to find out what to do on Halloween in Japan!
Do Japanese People Work on National Holidays?
Many Japanese people work on national holidays. Japan is known for its long working hours and work culture, so it is common for people to work on holidays and weekends. Some businesses, such as convenience stores, restaurants, and transportation companies, need to remain open to serve the public. So their employees may be required to work on holidays.
However, the situation is changing in recent years. Many companies are starting a "no overtime" policy and promoting the idea of "work-life balance". So they can prevent overwork and burnout among their employees. Hence, people would have time off to spend time for themselves and their loved ones during the national holidays. Also, the government has been promoting the idea of "Premium Fridays" since 2016. The purpose is to encourage companies to give their employees time off on the last Friday of the month. Some companies also offer their employees the option to take the day off or to work a half-day on public holidays.
It also depends on the type of job and industry. For example, in healthcare and emergency services, employees would work on holidays and weekends as a part of their jobs.
Check out the Ultimate Guide to Planning a Day Trip from Tokyo for some suggestions for a vacation with your family and friends!
Final Thoughts
Japan has many national holidays that are one-of-a-kind and can be found nowhere on Earth. There are lots of tourists choosing to travel to Japan because of these special occasions like cherry blossom blooming season. It is a way to admire the stunning scenery and learn about the rich culture of Japan. Don’t forget to take a look at the Ultimate Guide to Annual Events in Tokyo for the most updated information!
